How to build a cannon!

Materials-

·         2 tennis ball cans

·         1 pair of scissors

·         18ins. Of tapes

·         1 Compose

Procedure- 

·         Sketch out a few designs for your cannon

·         Pick the one that you KNOW will work best(sketches may  end up looking something like this)=

Cut one tennis can in half, this will be your barrel( it may look somthhing like the above picture

·      cut another small peice of the other can and this will be your base  

·      tape the two together to were the barrle is sitting on the base of your cannon

·tape the two lids on eather side of the cannon and theis will resemble wills

When you are done you will have something that looks like this:

      

English

     Wepons used in in the Sierra Leone war- AK-47 was a very common wepon used in the civil war if you refer back to A long Way Gone you will find that the weapon Ishmeal Beah used the most was an AK-47 it was actually the main wepon handed out to child soldiers.
Sighted from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4500358.stm
                     http://www.google.com/
    

Math component

   

A cannonball is shot upward from the upper deck of a fort with an initial velocity of 192 feet per second.  The deck is 32 feet above the ground. 

Quadratic Model: The Quadratic Formula. The quadratic equation

                                      

1.     How high does the cannonball go? 607ft. (Remember you are looking for a specific part of the vertex.)

2.     How long is the cannonball in the air? 12.16sec. (Remember you can use the quadratic formula.)

 Science

     The chemical formula for Ethonal: C₂H₅OH + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 3H₂O

The History of ethonal gas

     

Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. It is a powerful psychoactive drug and one of the oldest recreational drugs. It is best known as the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages and thermometers. In common usage, it is often referred to simply as alcohol or spirits.
Ethanol is a straight-chain alcohol, and its molecular formula is C₂H₅OH. Its empirical formula is C₂H₆O. An alternative notation is CH₃–CH₂–OH, which indicates that the carbon of a methyl group (CH₃–) is attached to the carbon of a methylene group (–CH₂–), which is attached to the oxygen of a hydroxyl group (–OH). It is a constitutional isomer of dimethyl ether. Ethanol is often abbreviated as EtOH, using the common organic chemistry notation of representing the ethyl group (C₂H₅) with Et.

Modern cannons

     (Please forgive me I could not find all of the information for this section that I had hoped to find.)Now days you do not see very many cannons in war but that is becaus you do not reconize them.

     Now days when you see cannons you just barley reconize them because they are disguised. Most cannons now are built onto tanks  or they are automatic or hand held.( cannons dont look much like they used to)

      The military vehicle "Tank" was invented by the British for World War I as a way of breaking the deadlock of trench warfare. The idea was to take the tracked farm vehicle able to move in muddy and rough terrain (including crossing trenches) and put an armored cage on it. The mis-name "tank" came from telling the workers on these secret armored vehicles that they were making "water tanks." Tanks were deployed during the Battle of the Somme in 1916 as a surprise weapon.

The first cannon fiered.

     The first cannon fired was in a battle that occered near Crecy in northern France early in the Hundred Years War, marks the first use of cannon on the battlefield. According to Arab historian Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, the Mamluks employed the first cannon in history against the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260. In the end, it may come down to how the word cannon was defined in those days.Gun powder wepons was very new and rare in the 13th centry, the French may have used their own version of the cannon against England’s Edward III at Cambrai seven years before they ran into him again at Crécy. But Edward usually gets the credit for bringing the big guns to war; the English reportedly deployed between five and 22 of them on the field at Crécy.The actual damage caused by Edward’s primitive cannon was negligible, not surprising when you consider that the projectile was just a stone that had been rounded into something resembling a cannonball. But the guns flashed and made a loud noise, and nothing like them had been seen by these soldiers before.
     Crécy was a decisive English victory and a crushing defeat for Philip VI. Not only were the French routed, suffering upwards of 30,000 casualties, but the road to the chief Channel port of Calais was now open to the English. It fell after a siege that lasted nearly a year.Although the cannons battlefield debate was not sucessful, the cannon was here to stay. Within a few decades, most major combatants had powder-and-shot cannons in their arsenals. The French fired 100-pound stone balls during a siege in 1375, Balkan gunners fired on Venetian ships in 1378, and the Ottoman Turks reportedly used cannon at the First Battle of Kossovo in 1389.     

The history of the trebuchete.
     The first sortment of any cannon was probally a sling shot. The sling shot is made of a peice of clothe that a stone would sit in or a looped peice of rope. The looped strap allowed the stone to go alot further because instead of just slinging the stone out of a peice of cloth you would set a stone in the loop and whirl it around and then sling it.
     Soon after the sling, the catipult was invented(by the greeks.)The catipult could launch anything further then any man or a slingshot.
     The trebuchete is very young compared to the catipult. Other simple machines such as the mangonel and ballistia are much older. For example, the ballista- a type of catipult built like an extreamly large crossbow, was first reported near Syracus, Italy, around 400BC. The mongol was being used by the Romens around the first century, AD. the trebuchete had not been discovered until the second century, AD. It was being used by the chinese(possibly the first time it had ever been used.)
     The trebuchete, mangonel, and ballistia are similar because the are all catipults- machines that through items. They are difrent because of the way the force of the projectible is achieved. The mangonel and the ballista's energy is realised by a twisted cord that is let loose. The trebuchete gets its force frome gravity with a heavy wheghit, which is then realeced. 
     Resurch indicates that the first trebuchet were used in China and places near China around 2000 years ago. These simple machines becam popualr as seig( attacks) and defens wepons. They made there way to through many cultures, moveing frome China to the Avars- a nomidic (moving) Mongolian people to the Byzantine Empire.Though focused around Turkey and the Balkines, the Byzantine Empire had connectionds with Europe, that is probaly how the Trebuchete made its way to Europe. By now every one should know that in 1216, Prince Louis of France used the trebuchete to attack Dover Castle in a fight over the English thrown( if you dont then maybe you should have a talk with Mr. ritter(the world history teacher.)) Indeed it was the french who helped improved the trebucheteto make it the seige machine of choice in the middle ages.It was these improvements that helped to increase projectile range and accuracy in the trebuchet.   It became so reliable that trebuchets were still being used after the introduction of cannons.  
     However, the trebuchets were most well known in medieval times.  These were the times of the castles for fortifications.  These machines were well suited for attacking castles: they could be set up at a safe distance from archers on the castle walls; they could be moved to sections of the walls that had weakened, and they could throw almost anything over the walls and into the areas of the hold.